📚 简介
Matplotlib是Python最流行的绑图库，用于创建静态、动态和交互式可视化。
🚀 热力图示例
import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
vegetables = ["cucumber", "tomato", "lettuce", "asparagus",
"potato", "wheat", "barley"]
farmers = ["Farmer Joe", "Upland Bros.", "Smith Gardening",
"Agrifun", "Organiculture", "BioGoods Ltd.", "Cornylee Corp."]
harvest = np.array([[0.8, 2.4, 2.5, 3.9, 0.0, 4.0, 0.0],
[2.4, 0.0, 4.0, 1.0, 2.7, 0.0, 0.0],
[1.1, 2.4, 0.8, 4.3, 1.9, 4.4, 0.0],
[0.6, 0.0, 0.3, 0.0, 3.1, 0.0, 0.0],
[0.7, 1.7, 0.6, 2.6, 2.2, 6.2, 0.0],
[1.3, 1.2, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 3.2, 5.1],
[0.1, 2.0, 0.0, 1.4, 0.0, 1.9, 6.3]])
fig, ax = plt.subplots()
im = ax.imshow(harvest)
# 设置刻度标签
ax.set_xticks(np.arange(len(farmers)), labels=farmers)
ax.set_yticks(np.arange(len(vegetables)), labels=vegetables)
# 旋转x轴标签
plt.setp(ax.get_xticklabels(), rotation=45, ha="right",
rotation_mode="anchor")
# 添加数值标注
for i in range(len(vegetables)):
for j in range(len(farmers)):
text = ax.text(j, i, harvest[i, j],
ha="center", va="center", color="w")
ax.set_title("Harvest of local farmers (in tons/year)")
fig.tight_layout()
plt.show()
📦 常用图表类型
| 图表类型 | 函数 |
|---|---|
| 折线图 | plt.plot() |
| 散点图 | plt.scatter() |
| 柱状图 | plt.bar() |
| 直方图 | plt.hist() |
| 饼图 | plt.pie() |
| 热力图 | ax.imshow() |