📖 读取文件

基本读取

with open("file.txt", "r") as file:
    content = file.readlines()
    print(content)

逐行读取

with open("file.txt", "r") as file:
    for line in file:
        print(line.strip())

指定编码读取

with open("file.txt", "r", encoding="utf-8") as file:
    content = file.read()
    print(content)

✏️ 写入文件

# 写入模式（覆盖）
with open("file.txt", "w", encoding="utf-8") as file:
    file.write("Hello, World!")

# 追加模式
with open("file.txt", "a") as file:
    file.write("Hello, World!")

🗑️ 删除文件

import os
os.remove("file.txt")

🔍 检测文件编码

import chardet

with open('filename', 'rb') as f:
    content = f.read()

result = chardet.detect(content)
encoding = result['encoding']
confidence = result['confidence']
print(f'文件编码格式为 {encoding}, 可信度为 {confidence:.2f}')

content = content.decode(encoding)
print(content)

📂 文件路径处理

import os

path = "./file.txt"
print(os.path.dirname(path))   # 目录名
print(os.path.basename(path))  # 文件名

🔎 检查文件状态

import os

path = "/path/to/file.txt"
print(os.path.exists(path))  # 是否存在
print(os.path.isfile(path))  # 是否是文件
print(os.path.isdir(path))   # 是否是目录

📋 文件操作

文件拷贝

import shutil
shutil.copyfile("source.txt", "destination.txt")

文件移动

import shutil
shutil.move("source.txt", "destination.txt")

重命名文件

import os
os.rename("old.txt", "new.txt")

查找文件

import glob
files = glob.glob("*.py")
print(files)

🗃️ 临时文件系统

创建临时文件

import tempfile 
file = tempfile.TemporaryFile() 
print(file.name)
# C:\Users\ADMINI~1\AppData\Local\Temp\tmpqefysklb

创建临时文件夹

import tempfile
dir = tempfile.TemporaryDirectory() 
print(dir)

读写临时文件

import tempfile
file = tempfile.TemporaryFile()
file.write(b'Hello World!')
file.seek(0)
print(file.read())  # b'Hello World!'
file.close()

🛤️ Pathlib处理路径

from pathlib import Path

dir_path = Path("/home/user/documents")
files = list(dir_path.glob("*.txt"))

Path.cwd()   # 当前工作目录
Path.home()  # 用户主目录